Copper-Based Antifungal Textile Treatment

Copper-based antifungal treatments apply cupric sulfate (CuSO₄ at 0.5–2.0% owf), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs, 20–80 nm at 100–500 ppm), or copper-oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) via exhaustion or padding with mordanting agents (tannin, alum) to improve fiber affinity. Cu²⁺ ions generate ROS, disrupt fungal cell membranes, and denature protein enzymes at MIC of 0.1–1.0 mM. Antifungal log reduction exceeds 3 (ISO 13629) and antibacterial efficacy includes activity against MRSA and norovirus. CuO-embedded polyester fibers (Cupron technology) maintain efficacy through 250+ wash cycles. Copper textiles (0.5–2.0 mg Cu/g fabric) meet EU drinking water limit requirements for copper release in wash effluent (2.0 mg/L). Market applications include copper-infused hospital bed linens, anti-odor socks, and wound dressing products.