Plasma Treatment for Surface Activation

Low-temperature plasma treatment modifies fiber surfaces at 10–100 Pa pressure using oxygen, nitrogen, argon, or air at power levels of 50–500W for 10–300 seconds. Oxygen plasma increases surface energy of polyester from 42 mN/m to 65–72 mN/m, improving wettability and dye uptake by 15–25% without chemical reagents or water. Nitrogen plasma introduces amino groups (–NH₂) on wool, enhancing reactivity for functional finishes. Atmospheric pressure plasma (corona, dielectric barrier discharge) enables continuous fabric treatment at 10–50 m/min. Surface effects diminish 20–30% after 30 days due to aging.