Woven Fabric Properties and Performance

Structural properties: Cover factor (K = ends/cm × √tex_warp + picks/cm × √tex_weft, typical 15-25 for apparel, 25-35 for tight fabrics), Crimp (yarn curvature in fabric, warp crimp % = (yarn length in fabric - fabric length) / fabric length × 100, typical 2-8% for balanced fabrics, 10-15% for highly crimped), Fabric count/density (threads per cm/inch defining compactness), and Weight/GSM (grams per square meter, 50-100 GSM shirting, 150-300 GSM suiting, 300-800 GSM upholstery, calculated or measured). Mechanical properties: Tensile strength (warp and weft, 200-1,000 N for apparel, 500-3,000 N for technical textiles), tear strength (ballistic and tongue methods, 10-50 N apparel, 50-200 N technical), dimensional stability (washing shrinkage <3% quality target for apparel), and abrasion resistance (Martindale cycles, 10,000-50,000 apparel, 50,000-100,000+ upholstery). Fabric hand: stiffness/drape (cantilever, Kawabata evaluation), roughness, and compression.